Traditional STP is just a concept given in ccnp switch book which explains basics of Spanning tree protocol and its elections.

But CST(Common Spanning Tree ) is a type of STP which specifies that for all VLANs there will be a single instance of STP and IEEE standard 802.1q.

version  = 1 byte

Config and TCN = 0x00

PVST BPDU = 0x01

RPVST BPDU = 0x02

MST BPDU = 0x03

Nb is only in gurgaon.

Yes Switches have configuration register and by default value is 0xF [ To check: #show version ] In case of switches password recovery is done with the help of  mode button and on different series of switches different ways are available for password recovery to let me give you an example : Steps: 1. Take the console of switch using a program either hyper terminal or putty with terminal settin... (more)

During TCP 3 way : 

-- MSS ( Maximum Segment Size ): Maximum segment size is negotiated during TCP.

-- If you want to change checksum then you can change it and it can be negotiated during tcp 3 way handshake.

-- it is done to establish a connection and verify that bi-directional connectivity exists.

 

 

Serial Link: LSA1 is generated by every router within  Area. It contains information about directly connected network and neighbours.

Ethernet LInk : 

-- LSA1 is generated by every router and it only contains information about directly connected networks.

-- LSA2 is generated by DR on an Ethernet segment.

 

1. Configure end routers as DHCP server and assign IP addresses to end devices as well as routers.

2. Configure switching part maybe devices are a member of different VLANs or same.

3. Configure POE as some IP phones.

4. Decide a routing protocol to run in between the routers.

5. Check Reachability.

Link-Local address : It is used on an Ethernet segment or within a LAN. Within  LAN devices can communicate with each other with the help of link-local address. It is like an APIPA range in ipv4. These addresses can't be routed. Unique link local address : - It is like a private ip addressing range in ipv4. - These addresses cant be routed.  ... (more)

In case of dot1q encapsulation, if you will change default VLAN from 1 to 10 then control plane traffic will go via vlan 10 as untagged.

No its not available. You have to solve it yourself but if you face any difficulty "ASK NB" is the best place to find Answers

No Buddy!

Cef is not series based. According to Cisco cef is by default enabled on devices which are running IOS version 12.0 or higher then that.

Both models are equivalent. OSI is a reference model just used for study purpose and TCP/IP is a implemented model in every digital device nowadays.

-->In TCP/IP  model some layers of OSI model is combined e.x application + presentation + session = Apllication/Process layer

Actually, original ethernet header i.e 802.3 is known as MAC[ Media Access Control ]  layer. But that header doesn't have any field to represent the encapsulated protocol inside frame / don't have any field to identify the upper layer protocol. Just to represent the encapsulated data or upper layer protocols one new layer is added i.e LLC [ Logical Link Control ] Layer.  -> MAC ... (more)

Actually, original ethernet header i.e 802.3 is known as MAC[ Media Access Control ]  layer. But that header doesn't have any field to represent the encapsulated protocol inside frame / don't have any field to identify the upper layer protocol. Just to represent the encapsulated data or upper layer protocols one new layer is added i.e LLC [ Logical Link Control ] Layer.  -> MAC layer co... (more)